The survey was administered to census-targeted samples of over 1,000 people in each of 21 countries, for a total of 23,882 surveys conducted in 12 languages.
Source breaks down the functions as follows: "SO = Service operations", "M&S = Marketing and sales", and "R&D = Research and development".
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Number of foundation models globally from 2021-2023, by access type
Open source models have been the fastest growing segment of foundation models for AI worldwide. While in 2021 they accounted for barely a third of models, in 2023 they were twice as many as limited and no access foundation models.
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Stanford University. (April 15, 2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) foundation models worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by access type [Graph]. In ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Retrieved August 17, 2026, from /statistics/1465314/foundation-models-by-access-worldwide/
Stanford University. "Artificial intelligence (AI) foundation models worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by access type." Chart. April 15, 2024. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Accessed August 17, 2026. /statistics/1465314/foundation-models-by-access-worldwide/
Stanford University. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) foundation models worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by access type. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc.. Accessed: August 17, 2026. /statistics/1465314/foundation-models-by-access-worldwide/
Stanford University. "Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Foundation Models Worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by Access Type." ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc., 15 Apr 2024, /statistics/1465314/foundation-models-by-access-worldwide/
Stanford University, Artificial intelligence (AI) foundation models worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by access type ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, /statistics/1465314/foundation-models-by-access-worldwide/ (last visited August 17, 2026)
Artificial intelligence (AI) foundation models worldwide from 2021 to 2023, by access type [Graph], Stanford University, April 15, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1465314/foundation-models-by-access-worldwide/
