The gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Colombia was expected to reach **** billion U.S. dollars in PPP in 2022. This supposed an increase of **** billion dollars compared to the previous year.
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Colombia from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph]. In ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from /statistics/1345667/colombia-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD. "Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Colombia from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)." Chart. May 30, 2022. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Accessed August 13, 2026. /statistics/1345667/colombia-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Colombia from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms). ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc.. Accessed: August 13, 2026. /statistics/1345667/colombia-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD. "Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) in Colombia from 2020 to 2022 (in Billion U.S. Dollars in Ppp Terms)." ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc., 30 May 2022, /statistics/1345667/colombia-gross-expenditure-research-development/
R&D WORLD, Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Colombia from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, /statistics/1345667/colombia-gross-expenditure-research-development/ (last visited August 13, 2026)
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Colombia from 2020 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1345667/colombia-gross-expenditure-research-development/
