The total gross domestic expenditure on research & development in Turkey added up to * billion Turkish lira in 2024. The funds from financial and non-financial corporations accounted for the highest value of R&D expenditure that year, amounting to roughly * billion Turkish lira.
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TurkStat. (October 20, 2025). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development in Turkey from 2020 to 2024, by source of funds (in billion Turkish lira) [Graph]. In ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Retrieved August 20, 2026, from /statistics/1537086/turkey-expenditure-on-randd-by-fund-source/
TurkStat. "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development in Turkey from 2020 to 2024, by source of funds (in billion Turkish lira)." Chart. October 20, 2025. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Accessed August 20, 2026. /statistics/1537086/turkey-expenditure-on-randd-by-fund-source/
TurkStat. (2025). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development in Turkey from 2020 to 2024, by source of funds (in billion Turkish lira). ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc.. Accessed: August 20, 2026. /statistics/1537086/turkey-expenditure-on-randd-by-fund-source/
TurkStat. "Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development in Turkey from 2020 to 2024, by Source of Funds (in Billion Turkish Lira)." ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc., 20 Oct 2025, /statistics/1537086/turkey-expenditure-on-randd-by-fund-source/
TurkStat, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development in Turkey from 2020 to 2024, by source of funds (in billion Turkish lira) ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, /statistics/1537086/turkey-expenditure-on-randd-by-fund-source/ (last visited August 20, 2026)
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development in Turkey from 2020 to 2024, by source of funds (in billion Turkish lira) [Graph], TurkStat, October 20, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1537086/turkey-expenditure-on-randd-by-fund-source/
