* Comparison made with an initial energy input of 100 kilowatt hours of renewable power.
The source adds: 'Heat pump performance varies based on external temperature. Heat pump coefficient of performance (CoP) were chosen based on average seasonal performance (CoP = 3) and performance under sub-zero temperatures typical of winter months (CoP = 1.5).
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Efficiency comparison of different renewable heating systems in the EU 2040
By 2040, electric heat pump powered directly by renewable sources is expected to be the most efficient heating system among three renewable heating systems. With an input of 100 kilowatt hours, this system can generate *** kilowatt hours of heat under average performance circumstances. By comparison, an electric heat pump powered by a hydrogen combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) converts every 100 kilowatt hours of renewable energy to *** kilowatt hours of heat under average performance.
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Agora Energiewende. (November 18, 2021). Forecast efficiency of different renewable heating systems in the European Union in 2040* (in kilowatt hour) [Graph]. In ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from /statistics/1286146/eu-forecast-efficiency-of-different-renewable-heating-systems/
Agora Energiewende. "Forecast efficiency of different renewable heating systems in the European Union in 2040* (in kilowatt hour)." Chart. November 18, 2021. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. Accessed August 13, 2026. /statistics/1286146/eu-forecast-efficiency-of-different-renewable-heating-systems/
Agora Energiewende. (2021). Forecast efficiency of different renewable heating systems in the European Union in 2040* (in kilowatt hour). ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾. ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc.. Accessed: August 13, 2026. /statistics/1286146/eu-forecast-efficiency-of-different-renewable-heating-systems/
Agora Energiewende. "Forecast Efficiency of Different Renewable Heating Systems in The European Union in 2040* (in Kilowatt Hour)." ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾 Inc., 18 Nov 2021, /statistics/1286146/eu-forecast-efficiency-of-different-renewable-heating-systems/
Agora Energiewende, Forecast efficiency of different renewable heating systems in the European Union in 2040* (in kilowatt hour) ÀÖ²¥´«Ã½app×îа汾, /statistics/1286146/eu-forecast-efficiency-of-different-renewable-heating-systems/ (last visited August 13, 2026)
Forecast efficiency of different renewable heating systems in the European Union in 2040* (in kilowatt hour) [Graph], Agora Energiewende, November 18, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1286146/eu-forecast-efficiency-of-different-renewable-heating-systems/
